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Chapter 12 - Counseling

This competency enables the learner to:

About Counseling

Counseling is a private talk with someone that helps the individual with a personal problem.

As a leader, people will come to you with problems. Because you are a leader, you will spot people with problems. You can't turn them away or just let them suffer, because the ignored problem, if serious, will almost inevitably become a group problem.

Counseling is considered pretty difficult. Professional counselors, like lawyers, bankers, clergymen, vocational counselors, teachers, psychiatrists and others, sometimes spend years learning how to counsel in their fields. People often pay large amounts of money to be counseled.

Why Counseling

Why should leaders learn to counsel? Why should a patrol leader, for instance, need to know how to counsel? Why is it considered one of the competencies a leader ought to know?

Because everyone has challenges or problems from time to time. Because as an effective leader, individuals will grow to respect you. They will seek you out and ask for counsel from you.

Giving First-Aid

"Counseling" is sometimes just another word for "listening." When troubled, many times it helps the individual to just talk it out, to voice their concerns and express what's troubling them. Just having their worries or problems heard by another gives the person a sense that his or her problems are legitimate, thus perhaps increasing their self-esteem and their feelings of adequacy in handling the situation.

You may or may not need to respond with anything more than reflective listening (as described in Chapter 8 - "Getting and Giving Information").

Usually the challenge or problem isn't big enough to require professional help, but if the problem cuts into the effectiveness of a group member and then you have a problem. You might use counseling to help a group member resolve the problem if it isn't too big.

In any case, you should not even try to help someone with personal problems that cannot be resolved in a ten or fifteen minute conversation. The type of counseling described here is best called "first aid" counseling. If the problem is at all serious, you're just going to put a band-aid on the wound until professional help arrives.

Suggest to the individual they seek the counsel of more knowledgeable individuals--another leader you or the individual respects, their parent, minister, priesthood leader, or another individual they respect.

We counsel people to:

When To Counsel

First off, only when asked. We must respect individual's right to privacy. There is no one more arrogant than someone who offers unsolicited and unwanted advice. Even when asked, advice is rarely appropriate, as we will discuss later.

Do offer a listening ear when a person asks and he or she is:

Counseling may give him a "second chance" to think the matter through and decide on a reasonable course of action. It may also just give the person the breathing room to allow other forces, forces they do not control, to work on and resolve the situation for them.

Setting Up the Counseling Situation

First, find out if there really is a problem.

Seven Fundamental Counseling Techniques

Use these techniques for drawing a person out and encouraging them to talk. Just remember, your job is not to solve their problem for them. You task is to allow them to express themselves freely so they can make decisions in a clear and sensible fashion.

Listen to the Person

Really listen. Don't do anything else. Let him see that you're listening.

Ask yourself "Do I understand what he is saying or trying to say?" Well, do you? If you're not sure, keep listening. If you're puzzled, look puzzled--he will probably try to make you understand. Listen.

Avoid Advice

Do Not Give Advice! This may be (probably is) what he wants--somebody to make his decision for him, take the burden off his back. Someone to blame the problem (and the solution) on. You won't help him, because what he needs to make his own decision. You may harm the individual by making the wrong decision--maybe you don't have all the facts yet. In either case, now you have the problem. And when your solution goes wrong, guess who's responsible? And who's not feeling responsible?

Make it clear you do not have the answer. If he asks you what he should do, boomerang it right back. "Gee, I really don't know. What have you considered so far?" Giving advice is a bad ego trip. What you can do offer information the individual may not have so they can develop alternatives. Do not criticize. Listen.

For more information on problem-solving techniques, see Chapter 15 - "Problem-Solving".

Ask Clarifying Questions

When you do not understand the member's concerns or statements, try paraphrasing what they are saying and asking them if you got it right. People's thinking in counseling situations is usually muddled (otherwise they wouldn't have a problem) and hearing it reflected back to them may help them sort out what they feel and think.

You might try, "Let's see if I understand. You said that..." and give it back to him in your own words. That way you can see if you do understand, and he can see that maybe what he is saying is not what he means. Use your reflective listening skills (as described in Chapter 8 - "Getting and Giving Information").

Add Facts

Has he checked all resources? If you have any facts that you're sure of and he doesn't seem to have, offer them. Be sure it is information on which he could base his decision and not advice that makes the decision. Suggest additional resources that he might pursue.

Check Alternatives

Is he locked in on only one solution and unwilling to carry it out? Help the patrol member consider other ways to handle the problem, without suggesting that any is the way. Ask him or her what options they have considered thus far. Ask them to describe what the likely outcomes of each of the alternatives might be.

Suggest that there might be other ways. If you can suggest alternative approaches to thinking about the problem and possible solutions, do so, but in as detached a manner as possible. Always suggest more than one idea, as you do not want to appear to endorse any one solution.

Encourage him to think of them--it may relax him enough to "let go" and find the solution. The individual must find it or decide for himself.

Offer Encouragement

Help the person know that you care. Let him know that you have confidence in their ability to find a solution. Ask him to tell you what he decides to do. Later on, check in. Ask him how he's doing.

Five Possible Responses

After listening to the individual, there are several ways you can respond. Here are five recommended methods.

  1. Restate his words in your own words. Ask him if your understanding is correct. "Just checking."
  2. Ask him about his feelings on the matter. Feelings are legitimate and very important. Get him to express them. "I guess that made you felt pretty mad, huh?"
  3. Show you are listening. Nod sympathetically or smile encouragingly or look appropriately sober or concerned. Keep your eyes on his face; he may shoot a glance to see if you are still paying attention...and you'd better be.
  4. Ask a question now and then if he seems to be drying up before he ought to. Don't overdo it! Wait. And above all, don't cross examine him or even seem that you're about to. He may be waiting to tear into someone, and if you threaten him (or seem to) you may lose him. Hang in there!
  5. Encourage him to go on talking. This is a touchy one. How long should he talk? Until he has reached a decision. Or until you have reached a decision that he can't reach a decision and you can't help him to. This is where you have to decide to pass the problem on to more expert help--it's no longer "first aid" counseling. On the other hand, maybe it's not that critical, but he does need more time than you can spare now. Set a time to talk some more. Be sure you're there!

Later, check with the individual. Just to show you care. Next time it'll be even easier.

For more information on Counseling, refer to Chapter 15, "Problem-Solving," for additional decision-making techniques and ideas.

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